Effect of diabetes mellitus on quality and quantity pregnant rat in Pre-implantation embryo development

Introduction: Women with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have a much higher incidence of early pregnancy complications, these include spontaneous miscarriages, early growth delay, and congenital malformations. Most of the investigations have been devoted to the early post implantation and organogenesis period of pregnancy. In this research we studied the hyperglycemia or metabolic insult on the quality and quantity index of rat pre implantation embryo. Materials & Methods: The rats were divided to test group (n=60) and to control group (n=60). The test group was made hyperglycemic by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg) for to three days. They keep with male rats in one cage. Mating was confirmed by the present of a vaginal plug as first day of pregnancy. Embryos were harvested by cervical dislocation and the uterine horns were flushed by M2 media on second, third, and fourth day after plug observation. The cleavage rate and the number of embryos were comparing by ANOVA and the qualities of embryos were comparing by chi-square in both groups. Results: The cleavage rate in diabetic groups decreased (P<0.001) as 63% in compare to 94.8% of embryos reach to 2 cell stage on the second day of pregnancy and 38.1% in compare to 52.2% of embryo on thethird day have reach to 4 cell stage and 8.5% in compare to 78.2% of embryo on the pourth have reached to morula in normal and diabetic groups respectively. The number of embryos with best quality increased (P<0.0001) from 95.5% to 74.5% on second day and from 94.1% to 47.5% on third day three and from 88.9% to 8.5% on fourth day in normal group in compare to diabetic group respectively. Conclusion: IDDM in rat pregnancy mothers will causes significantly abnormality in quality of embryo as fragmentation and decrease in the number of embryo in compare to normal groups on the second day, third day, and fourth day of preimplantation period.